New university rankings put the focus on employability
The importance of employability comes through clearly in international student surveys. Simply put, a clear majority of students cite employment outcomes - the chance for new career opportunities or for advancement in their current career path - as their primary motivation for study abroad. In a similar vein, more targeted research has also revealed that students give the greatest weight to employment factors when choosing an institution abroad, far ahead of academic or research reputation of the institution in many cases. The question that naturally follows from this insight is, “Which universities provide the best employment outcomes for their graduates?” And this is the inquiry taken up by two recently released rankings, one commissioned by the French human resource consultancy Emerging and another from QS. The Emerging study was carried out by Trendence, a German research firm, and it relies on two survey panels conducted between April and July of this year. Both panels drew responses from 20 countries: Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Italy, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, the Netherlands, Russia, South Korea, Spain, Switzerland, Turkey, the United Arab Emirates, the UK, and the US. The first panel focused on 2,500 senior recruiters, each of whom was asked to cast up to 15 votes for the “universities in [their] country [that] produce the best graduates in terms of employability”. A second panel of 3,450 managing directors of large international companies produced a further round of voting for both local and foreign institutions. Trendence then compiled both rounds of voting into a score for each university. The resulting ranking of has been published exclusively by Times Higher Education since 2015. The actual rankings are not terribly surprising, with the top end of the table a veritable “who’s who” of elite educational brands - almost entirely from the US and the UK - where ranking for employability correlates closely with overall university rankings. Beyond the top ten, the list broadens out to include a wider field of countries and institutions. But what is perhaps more interesting in the Emerging/Trendence survey is some of the findings that lie behind the ranking table. Times Higher Education quotes Eden Woon, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology’s vice-president for institutional advancement, who offers an interesting insight on the relationship between university study and employability: “We are very firm in the belief that the university is not a vocational training institute. So the purpose of the university is not just to prepare you for jobs. The purpose of the university is really to give students a skill so that they can go and find a job but, more importantly, it is really to prepare students for what happens after they get a job. In other words, whether they can adapt to the job and adapt to changes that the world requires of them. That is where innovation, creativity and attitude come in.”
Defining employability
Mr Woon’s comment points to a question at the heart of the survey: what is employability, really, and what are the factors that contribute to greater employability for university graduates?
Respondents to the survey largely defined employability as a “set of job-related aptitudes, attitudes, and behaviour” and, more broadly, as the readiness of graduates to immediately undertake entry-level positions in their chosen fields.
When asked to rate a series of employability skills on a four-point scale, survey respondents gave the greatest weight to the following traits: communication skills, motivation, adaptability, ability to work in a team, and flexibility. These key skill areas, along with the more traditional emphasis on academic achievement and technical skills, are an increasing area of focus for many institutions. And a growing number of universities are looking to closer collaboration with employers to further foster some of these high-demand traits in their graduates.
For a large percentage of survey respondents (i.e., 40-50% or more), this suggests a greater emphasis on internships or other work placements as well as joint research activities between institutions and employers. The following chart reflects a set of related responses for which employers were asked how universities can help students to strengthen key personal traits throughout their careers. (The chart contrasts global averages alongside US-only responses.)
Another way of measuring employability
Where the Emerging/Trendence survey is notable for its insights on employer perspectives, a second ranking - the QS Graduate Employability Rankings 2017 - takes a broader view altogether. It applies a weighted average of five ranking factors, including employer reputation, alumni outcomes, employer partnerships, employer-student connections, and graduate employment rate. The significance and relevance of these factors is nicely reinforced via the Emerging/Trendence findings, and QS has used them to produce a ranking of 300 institutions with some marked differences from the Emerging table.
As the following chart reflects, while American and British universities still have a prominent place at the top of the QS table, we also see strong placements for Chinese, French, and Australian institutions. The other notable thing across much of the QS ranking is the prominence of institutions with a strong emphasis on STEM fields (science, technology, engineering, and math).
