More than 1.2 million Indian students were enrolled in higher education abroad in 2025 – a hefty number, yet a smaller one than in recent years. The 2025 data released by India’s Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) shows that there were -5.7% fewer Indian students abroad this year compared with 2024, when the volume was 1.33 million.

The decline dovetails with a longer pattern of slower outbound growth from China. Educators in major destination countries have been mitigating the Chinese trend by leaning more heavily into recruiting in India. But the new data shows that relying too heavily on India for enrolment volumes is not without risk. The -5.7% decline is moderate, but it nevertheless highlights the ongoing need for diversification in recruiting overseas students.

More hesitancy in the marketplace

This year has been a challenging one for many prospective international students and their parents – in India and elsewhere. The stricter regulatory environments in Australia, Canada, the UK, and US (aka the Big Four) have introduced uncertainty into the marketplace. Policies affecting both prospects and current students are proposed and/or announced frequently – but not predictably.

As a result, destinations other than the Big Four are now much more likely than in the past to be seriously considered for degree programmes. This trend has been intensified by (1) a growing number of highly ranked universities across Europe and Asia, and (2) the expansion of English-taught programmes in those universities and regions. Germany, New Zealand, France, and Ireland are all seeing more growth from the Indian market at the same time as demand for Big Four countries weakens.

Trends in the Big Four

Canada remains the top preference for Indians according to the MEA data, followed by the US, UK, and Australia. But recent trends show the UK gaining on the rest of the Big Four.

Canada: The number of Indian study permit holders fell from 533,305 in 2023 to 510,235 in 2024 according to . When full-year data for 2025 is released, there will be a much more significant drop given that:

• Between January and August 2025, – compared with 149,875 for the same period in 2023 and 76,930 in 2024.
• The proportion of Indian study permit applicants fell from 35% in 2023 to 17% in 2025.
• Indian students are being rejected at a higher rate than the average: compared to an all-country average of 58%.

United States: Enrolments of Indian students in US higher education institutions grew from 331,600 in 2023 to . But in the first half of 2025, F-1 visa issuances to Indian students compared with the same period in 2024. Chinese visa issuances also fell, but not as steeply (-24%). In contrast, the number of Vietnamese students receiving F-1 visas jumped by 20% in the first half of 2025 compared with the same period in 2024.

adds: “If current trends continue, it’s possible Chinese students will become the largest incoming international student population in the US for the first time in four years.”

Australia: While Indian enrolments in Australia are now at an all-time high, commencements are declining. In the period January to September 2025, were enrolled in Australian institutions (across sectors) – up +4% over 2024. The growth was fuelled by rising enrolments in universities, as shown in the following chart from MacroBusiness.com depicting trends in the first half of the year.

However, Indian commencements were down , and Australia also saw fewer new students from its number one market, China (-9%).

The Australian government is prioritising India as a talent pipeline through numerous recent agreements, but it is also applying greater scrutiny to Indian prospects given relatively high levels of fraud detected in this market. Australia’s vocational sector (VET) is particularly affected by high rates of visa refusals for Indian students.

United Kingdom: Indian enrolments are growing despite earlier signs that the Dependants Ban might depress demand. Up to June 2025, Indian students were granted almost as many sponsored study visas (98,015) as Chinese students (99,920), with an approval rate of 96%. In Q2 alone, visa grants for Indian students surged by +44% compared with a -35% decrease for Chinese students. Indian demand at the master’s level is extremely high, with 81% of Indian students approved for master’s level courses.

Alternative destinations on the rise

Germany has become a much more popular destination for Indian students. In fact, DAAD reports that the number of Indian students in German universities – from 28,905 to 59,420. India is Germany’s number one market by a considerable margin, followed by China and Türkiye. Engineering is by far the top draw, with 60% of all Indian students in Germany enrolled in this field of study.

New Zealand: There are nearly 12,000 Indian students in New Zealand in 2025 (across sectors) – a stable number from 2024 after two years of very high growth (+99% in 2023 and +49% in 2024).

France: India is not yet in France’s top 10 list of student source markets, but it is close at 11th. In 2024/25, Indian enrolments in French universities grew +17% over the previous year to 9,100 students, and that growth is set to increase quickly: France has a goal of hosting .

Ireland: In 2023/24, India overtook the US as the top international segment in Irish universities, growing 50% over the previous year to over 7,000 enrolments.

For additional background, please see:

• “Global trends in international enrolments and policies as we head into 2026”
• “Canada and the US are losing international student enrolments to Europe and Asia”